Mimi's Blog for Junior English

Frederick Douglass enlightened the minds of mid-19th century Americans to the horrors of slavery. In January of 1865, the 13th amendment was passed and slavery was ended forever. Not really, though. The 13th amendment has a loophole that provides the means of enslaving African Americans to this very day. Section 1 of the amendment states: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Did you catch that middle part? Imprisoned persons can be subject to forced labor as part of their sentence. Private, or for-profit, prisons take advantage of this by selling cheap labor, as low as 10 cents per hour, to big corporations. Monetary gain is not exclusive to these private prisons, as this kind of involuntary servitude is commonplace in many federal prisons. Who has bought or continues to buy this labor? Just little compan

My grandfather on my mother’s side, Royce, lives in the suburbs of St. Louis with my grandmother, Linda. When I think about their house, one of the first things that comes to mind is the peach carpet that covers the second floor. Royce, who’ll I’ll be referring to as Papa for the continuation of the post, didn’t grow up with peach carpet or a collection of nutcrackers in the living room. He grew up with a dirt floor. Papa’s childhood was lived out in northern Alabama. And yes, in a house with a dirt floor. His father was a farmer and laborer for the small town in which they lived. Don’t be fooled by the word town. Papa lived about a quarter-mile down the road from any neighbors. He went to school in a building where kindergarteners to high school seniors were taught. No one in his family was college-educated. Papa knew he didn’t want to stay, no matter how he loved his family there (and his pet pig and raccoon.) He joined the military to pay for college, never seeing any action but n